Government Approved Various Disaster Mitigation and Capacity Building Projects

Context

Recently a  high-level committee headed by the Union Home Minister approved several disaster mitigation and capacity building projects for various states that include combating urban flooding and checking glacial lake outburst floods.

NDMA's Disastrous Response

About

  • The committee accepted nine proposals for funding from National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) and National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).
  • It consists of six projects in Telangana, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal and Maharashtra for urban flood management.
  • Project for Glacial Lake Outburst Flood threat mitigation for the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
  • The committee also considered a suggestion to implement Yuva Aapda Mitra Scheme (YAMS) in all the 28 states.
  • It will be implemented in 315 most disaster-inclined districts of the country for education of 1300 trained Aapda Mitra Volunteers as Master Trainers and 2.37 lakh volunteers completely from NCC, NSS, NYKS and BS&G (Bharat Scouts & Guides) in disaster preparedness and response.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

  • It is aimed toward preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and handling residual threat, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the success of sustainable development.
  • DRR techniques and regulations define desires and goals across different timescales and with concrete goals, indicators and time frames.
  • Need of DRR: It is vital for safeguarding lives, reducing economic losses, promoting sustainable development, protecting the environment, enhancing network resilience, facilitating effective emergency response, addressing the wishes of inclined populations, and helping broader security goals.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

  • It is a global agreement adopted through UN member states to guide efforts in decreasing disaster risk and constructing resilience to disasters. 
  • It was followed at the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in 2015. 
  • The framework represents a substantial step forward from its predecessor, the Hyogo Framework for Action, focusing on a more complete and inclusive technique to disaster risk control.
  • The primary intention of the Sendai Framework is to substantially lessen disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health by 2030.
  • It recognizes that the State has the number one function to reduce disaster risk but that responsibility must be shared with different stakeholders consisting of nearby authorities, the private sector and other stakeholders.

Four Priority Actions

  • Understanding Disaster Risk: Improving know-how of disaster chance by comprehensive risk exams, data collection, and research.
  • Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance: Developing effective and inclusive governance systems that combine disaster risk reduction into regulations and practices.
  • Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Increasing investments in DRR measures and incorporating risk reduction into development making plans, infrastructure, and community resilience efforts.
  • Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response: Improving preparedness and response mechanisms to ensure a swift and efficient response to disasters.

Framework for DRR in India

  • National Disaster Management Act, 2005: This act hooked up the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and provided a legal framework for disaster control in India.
    • It created a three-tier system of disaster control concerning the National, State, and District Authorities, each with specific roles and responsibilities.
    • The NDMA is headed by the Prime Minister, emphasizing the importance of disaster control at the very best stage of presidency.
  • National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) 2016: It outlines the strategic approach to disaster control in India, that specialize in a holistic and included technique.
  • National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): Established below the National Disaster Management Act, NDRF is a specialized pressure trained to respond to natural and man-made disasters.
  • National Policy on Disaster Management (2009): This policy provides a complete framework for disaster control, emphasizing a proactive method to risk reduction, preparedness, and mitigation.
  • National Disaster Relief Fund (NDRF): This fund supports disaster comfort operations and healing efforts.
  • State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): Each state has its private fund for disaster response and control on the state level.

Source: The Indian Express

UPSC Mains Practice Question

Q. Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-30)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005’? (2018)

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