Context
Recently the government proposed a transit oriented development plan for 14 large cities with a population of over 30 lakh.
About
- It is a planning and layout approach aimed toward developing sustainable urban environments. It specializes in compact, mixed-use groups targeted round top notch public transportation systems.
- TOD specializes in creation of high density blended land use development within the sector of transit stations.
Need for a National TOD Policy
- As the cities are experiencing speedy growth, transit systems like metro rail, BRTS, and so on. Are being carried out to cater to the developing travel demand.
- National TOD policy could serve as suggestions and play a catalytic role in formulating state/ city level policies for promoting transit oriented development.
- National TOD policy shall be a guiding report for the Central Government ministries/ departments/ corporations to ensure their schemes, policies, and so on. Encourage TOD in cities, especially people with upcoming mass transit systems.
Significance of Transit oriented Development
- Promoting higher densities and the awareness of jobs within enormously small regions, TOD creates agglomeration effects tested to boost a town’s competitiveness.
- Compact urban development and extremely good public transit additionally together toughen every other: mass transit can support the huge passenger flows that come with high density development, while the attention of jobs.
- Proximity to mass transit improves access to TOD neighborhoods, boosting their attractiveness and growing actual property value.
- When placed in areas which might be much less exposed to natural hazards, the TOD method can enhance resilience to disaster risks by assisting high-density housing and activities in lower-risk zones.
- By concentrating jobs, services, and housing inside the catchment area of transit stations, TOD makes public shipping a more attractive and green option, at the same time as reducing dependence on private cars and promoting shorter commutes.
Three Values (3V) Framework
- A new report by the World Bank proposes the “3 values” (3V) Framework for TOD, which lets in choice makers to better apprehend the linkages between connectivity, accessibility, area best, and marketplace capacity values around a given station.
- The node value describes the significance of a station within the public transit community based on passenger visitors, connections with other delivery modes, and centrality inside the network.
- The place value displays the first-class and beauty of the vicinity across the station. Factors include the diversity of land use; the supply of crucial services along with colleges and healthcare; the percentage of ordinary amenities that can be accessed with the aid of taking walks or cycling; pedestrian accessibility and additionally the size of urban blocks across the station.
- The market capability value refers back to the unrealized market value of station regions. It is measured by looking at the main variables that may have an effect on the call for for land (modern and destiny range of jobs inside the place of the station, range of jobs reachable through transit inside half-hour, present day and destiny housing densities) in addition to the supply (amount of developable land, feasible modifications in zoning policy, market vibrancy, and so on.).
Steps Taken for Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in India
- National TOD Policy (2017): Issued by means of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, this policy presents recommendations for enforcing TOD throughout Indian cities.
- Smart Cities Mission: Emphasizes the combination of land use and shipping planning in selected cities to promote TOD standards.
- Delhi TOD Policy: Focuses on growing excessive-density, mixed-use areas around metro stations, encouraging walkability and reducing vehicle dependency.
Challenges and Way Forward
- Funding and Financing: Securing good enough value range for infrastructure development remains a mission.
- Coordination Among Agencies: Effective collaboration between various value
- Public Awareness: Raising awareness about the benefits of TOD among citizens and inspiring their participation in the making plans method.
Source: The Indian Express
UPSC Mains Practice Question
Q. The frequency of urban floods due to high intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods, highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. (2016)