Context
The Indian government introduced the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, in the Lok Sabha on August 1, 2024. This legislative initiative aims to enhance the framework for disaster management in India, reflecting the lessons learned from past disasters and the need for a more coordinated approach among various authorities involved in disaster response and management.
Introduction to the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024
- The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024 seeks to amend the original Disaster Management Act of 2005, which was established to create a comprehensive framework for disaster management in India.
- The bill introduces several amendments aimed at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster management authorities at both the national and state levels.
Background of the Bill
- The Disaster Management Act, 2005 was enacted to ensure a systematic approach to disaster management, encompassing preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.
- Over the years, the government has recognized the need to update this framework to address emerging challenges, particularly in the context of climate change and increasing disaster risks.
- The amendments proposed in the 2024 Bill are based on consultations with various stakeholders, including state governments and disaster management experts.
Key Features of the Bill
- Creation of a National and State Disaster Database: One of the significant provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, is the establishment of a comprehensive disaster database at both national and state levels. This database will include critical information such as:
- Disaster assessments: Evaluations of the impact and severity of disasters.
- Fund allocation details: Information on financial resources allocated for disaster management.
- Preparedness and mitigation plans: Strategies developed to prepare for and mitigate the effects of disasters.
- Risk registers: Documentation of potential risks categorized by type and severity.
- Empowerment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The bill empowers the NDMA and the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) to take a more proactive role in disaster planning. Key changes include:
- Preparation of disaster plans: The NDMA will now be responsible for formulating disaster management plans at the national level, while SDMAs will do so at the state level. This replaces the previous system where the National Executive Committee and State Executive Committees were responsible for these tasks.
- Periodic risk assessments: The NDMA will conduct regular assessments of disaster risks, including emerging threats from climate change and other factors that could lead to future disasters.
- Establishment of Urban Disaster Management Authorities: The bill proposes the creation of Urban Disaster Management Authorities for state capitals and large cities with municipal corporations. This initiative recognizes the unique challenges urban areas face during disasters and aims to enhance the capacity of local governments to respond effectively.
- Statutory Status for Pre-Act Organizations: The amendments also seek to provide statutory recognition to several organizations that were established before the original Act. This includes the National Crisis Management Committee and the High-Level Committee, which play crucial roles in coordinating disaster response efforts.
- Introduction of State Disaster Response Forces: The bill mandates the establishment of State Disaster Response Forces (SDRF) by state governments. These forces will be trained and equipped to respond swiftly to disasters, ensuring a more organized and effective response at the state level.
Objectives of the Amendment Bill
The primary objectives of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, include:
- Enhancing coordination: The bill aims to bring clarity and convergence in the roles of various authorities and committees involved in disaster management, ensuring a more cohesive response to disasters.
- Mainstreaming disaster management: The amendments seek to integrate disaster management into development planning, aligning with the recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission.
- Improving preparedness and resilience: By establishing a robust framework for disaster risk reduction, the bill aims to enhance the preparedness and resilience of communities and infrastructure against disasters.
- Empowering local authorities: The creation of Urban Disaster Management Authorities and State Disaster Response Forces empowers local governments to take charge of disaster management in their jurisdictions.
Implications of the Bill
- Strengthening Disaster Management Framework: The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, is poised to strengthen India’s disaster management framework significantly. By empowering the NDMA and SDMAs, the bill ensures that disaster management is approached with a more structured and systematic methodology.
- Addressing Emerging Risks: With the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters due to climate change, the bill’s focus on assessing emerging risks is particularly relevant. By identifying potential threats, authorities can take preemptive measures to mitigate the impact of disasters.
- Enhancing Accountability and Transparency: The establishment of a national and state disaster database will enhance accountability and transparency in disaster management. Stakeholders will have access to vital information, enabling better planning and resource allocation.
- Localized Response Capabilities: The creation of Urban Disaster Management Authorities and State Disaster Response Forces will enhance localized response capabilities. This is crucial in urban areas where the impact of disasters can be severe, and swift responses are necessary to save lives and property.
Conclusion
The introduction of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024, marks a significant step forward in enhancing India’s disaster management capabilities. By addressing the shortcomings of the original Act and introducing new provisions that reflect the contemporary challenges of disaster management, the bill aims to create a more resilient and prepared nation. As India continues to face the realities of climate change and increasing disaster risks, the effective implementation of this bill will be critical in safeguarding communities and ensuring a coordinated response to disasters.
Source: The Hindu
UPSC Mains Practice Question
Q. Critically analyze the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill, 2024. How do these amendments address the current challenges in disaster management in India? Discuss the potential impacts on disaster preparedness, response, and resilience at both the national and local levels.