Context
The National Coastal Mission Scheme (NCM) is a vital initiative aimed at addressing the challenges posed by coastal ecosystems in India. As part of the National Coastal Management Program, the NCM focuses on sustainable development and climate resilience in coastal regions.
Background and Launch
- The NCM was launched in July 2014 as part of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
- Its primary goal is to mitigate the impact of climate change on coastal areas and promote sustainable development.
Components of NCM
- Management Action Plan on Conservation of Mangroves and Coral Reefs: The NCM supports conservation efforts for mangroves and coral reefs, critical ecosystems that provide habitat, protect coastlines, and enhance biodiversity.
- Research & Development in Marine and Coastal Ecosystem: Research and development activities focus on understanding coastal dynamics, ecosystem health, and sustainable resource management.
- Sustainable Development of Beaches under Beach Environment & Aesthetic Management Service: The NCM emphasizes the sustainable development of beaches, considering environmental aesthetics, safety, and tourism.
- Capacity Building / Outreach Programme for Coastal States/UTs: Coastal states and union territories receive capacity-building support to enhance their ability to manage marine and coastal ecosystems. Outreach programs include awareness campaigns, training, and beach cleaning drives.
Objectives of the National Coastal Scheme
The National Coastal Scheme aims to address these challenges through a comprehensive approach that focuses on sustainable development and community resilience. The key objectives include:
- Enhancing Coastal Resilience: Strengthening the capacity of coastal communities to adapt to climate change and mitigate its impacts.
- Sustainable Development: Promoting environmentally sustainable practices in coastal regions to ensure the long-term viability of resources.
- Ecosystem Conservation: Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems to maintain biodiversity and enhance natural defenses against climate-related threats.
- Livelihood Support: Ensuring the economic security of coastal communities through sustainable livelihood options and capacity building.
Implementation and Funding
- The implementing agencies for the NCM are the State Governments of Coastal States and Union Territory Administrations.
- Funds are allocated based on proposals submitted by the states/UTs to the Ministry.
- From 2018-19 till 2023-24, a total of ₹7.94 crore has been released under the Externally Aided Programme (EAP) and non-EAP components for infrastructure development, pollution control, safety surveillance, and beach cleaning in Andhra Pradesh1.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project (ICZMP)
- In addition to the NCM, the Government of India has implemented the ICZMP.
- The ICZMP contributes to mapping hazard lines, eco-sensitive areas, and sediment cells for the entire Indian coastline, including Andhra Pradesh1.
Conclusion
The NCM plays a crucial role in safeguarding our coastal ecosystems, promoting sustainable practices, and ensuring resilience in the face of climate change. By combining research, conservation, and capacity-building efforts, India is taking significant strides toward a more sustainable coastal future.
Source: PIB
UPSC Prelims Practice Question
Q. Which of the following statements about the National Coastal Mission (NCM) Scheme is/are correct?
- The NCM Scheme aims to address issues related to coastal erosion, marine pollution, and conservation of coastal ecosystems.
- The Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for the implementation of the NCM Scheme.
- The NCM Scheme includes measures for enhancing the livelihood security of coastal communities through sustainable development.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, and 3Ans: “c”