🏛️ TAMIL NADU STATE AFFAIRS
Tamil Nadu Education Infrastructure Modernization
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- State government announces ₹8,500 crore education infrastructure modernization program
- Smart classroom initiatives expanded to 25,000 government schools across all districts
- Digital library network launched connecting 1,200 libraries with e-resources
- Teacher training programs in emerging technologies benefit 2.5 lakh educators
- Higher education institutions receive autonomy for innovative curriculum design
- Vocational education centers established in 500 rural blocks
- International collaboration programs with universities from 15 countries initiated
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- Tamil Nadu Education Statistics:
- Schools: 62,354 (37,000 government + 25,354 private)
- Students Enrolled: 1.02 crore (government schools)
- Teachers: 3.8 lakh in government schools
- Literacy Rate: 80.1% (2011 Census)
- Tamil Nadu Education Boards:
- State Board: Tamil Nadu State Board of School Education
- Matriculation: Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education
- Anglo-Indian: Tamil Nadu Anglo-Indian Board
- Oriental: Tamil Nadu Board of Oriental Learning
- Higher Education Institutions:
- Universities: 68 (19 state + 6 deemed + 43 private)
- Engineering Colleges: 523 (Anna University affiliated)
- Medical Colleges: 47 (government + private)
- Arts and Science Colleges: 1,850+
- Key Educational Schemes:
- Kalvi Thittam: Comprehensive school education program
- Pudhumai Penn: Girl child education incentive
- Free Laptop Scheme: 73+ lakh laptops distributed
- Nutritious Meal Programme: 51+ lakh students benefited daily
- Educational Infrastructure:
- Anganwadi Centers: 54,000+ for early childhood education
- School Infrastructure: 100% schools with electricity, 98% with toilets
- Mid-Day Meal Centers: Kitchen gardens in 15,000 schools
Tamil Nadu Water Management and Conservation
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- Comprehensive water audit completed for all 38 districts showing improved groundwater levels • Advanced desalination plant in Nemmeli achieves full operational capacity of 400 MLD
- Rainwater harvesting mandatory implementation covers 95% of urban buildings
- Inter-linking of rivers project Phase-II receives environmental clearance
- Smart water management systems deployed in 15 major cities using IoT technology
- Traditional water bodies restoration program covers 40,000 tanks across the state
- Groundwater recharge projects show 25% improvement in water table levels
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- Tamil Nadu Water Resources:
- Rivers: 17 major rivers (Cauvery, Vaigai, Thamiraparani, Palar)
- Reservoirs: 81 major reservoirs with total capacity 216 TMC
- Irrigation Projects: 1,650 irrigation tanks, 39,202 system tanks
- Groundwater: 1,32,000 wells for monitoring water levels
- Major Dams and Projects:
- Mettur Dam: Cauvery River (93.47 TMC capacity)
- Krishnagiri Dam: Thenpennai River (33.06 TMC)
- Sathanur Dam: Thenpennai River (7.25 TMC)
- Amaravathi Dam: Amaravathi River (0.90 TMC)
- Water Supply Statistics:
- Chennai Metro Water: 830 MLD daily supply capacity
- Desalination Plants: Minjur (100 MLD), Nemmeli (400 MLD)
- Rural Water Supply: 1.18 lakh habitations covered
- Urban Water Supply: 721 towns and cities served
- Conservation Initiatives:
- Mission Water Conservation: State-wide campaign
- Kudimaramathu: Community-based tank restoration
- Neerkatti: Groundwater management program
- Jal Jeevan Mission: Functional tap connections target
- Water Bodies Restoration:
- Temple Tanks: 2,000+ temple tanks restored
- Village Tanks: 40,000+ tanks under restoration
- Urban Water Bodies: Chennai lakes and ponds rejuvenated
🇮🇳 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Current News: Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Mission 2047
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- PM Modi announced the creation of a dedicated Reform Task Force to drive next-generation reforms with mandate to accelerate economic growth, cut red tape, modernise governance, and prepare Bharat for a $10 trillion economy by 2047
- Comprehensive roadmap unveiled for transforming India into a developed nation by 2047
- Focus on technology-driven governance and citizen-centric service delivery mechanisms
- Infrastructure development accelerated with emphasis on sustainable and green technologies
- Human capital development through skill enhancement and education quality improvement
- Financial inclusion initiatives expanded to reach the last mile connectivity
- Innovation ecosystem strengthened with startup and MSME support programs
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- Viksit Bharat Vision 2047:
- Economic Target: $30 trillion economy by 2047
- Per Capita Income: $18,000 by 2047 (from current $2,800)
- Infrastructure Investment: $4.5 trillion over 25 years
- Employment Creation: 50+ crore quality jobs
- Key Pillars of Development:
- Economic Growth: Manufacturing-led growth model
- Social Progress: Universal healthcare and education access
- Environmental Sustainability: Net zero emissions by 2070
- Governance: Digital-first approach with transparency
- Target Indicators by 2047:
- GDP: $30+ trillion (3rd largest globally)
- Manufacturing: 25% contribution to GDP
- Urbanization: 50% population in cities
- Life Expectancy: 75+ years
- Strategic Initiatives:
- Amrit Kaal: 25-year period (2022-2047) for transformation
- Panch Pran: Five resolves for national development
- Whole of Government: Integrated approach across ministries
- Jan Bhagidari: People’s participation in development
- Sectoral Transformations:
- Agriculture: Climate-resilient and technology-driven farming
- Industry: Advanced manufacturing and Industry 4.0
- Services: Knowledge economy and digital services
- Infrastructure: World-class physical and digital connectivity
National Security Enhancement Initiatives
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- Integrated defense manufacturing ecosystem strengthened with indigenous technology focus
- Border infrastructure development accelerated in strategic frontier regions
- Cybersecurity framework enhanced to protect critical national infrastructure
- Space-based surveillance capabilities expanded for comprehensive border monitoring
- Defense research and development funding increased by 25% for current fiscal
- Make in India defense initiative achieves 70% self-reliance in critical components
- International cooperation in defense technology transfer agreements signed with key allies
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- India’s Defense Structure:
- Defense Minister: Cabinet-level position heading MoD
- Chief of Defense Staff: Tri-service coordination (created 2019)
- Service Chiefs: Army, Navy, Air Force chiefs
- Defense Secretary: Senior-most civil servant in MoD
- Armed Forces Statistics:
- Indian Army: 13 lakh active personnel (2nd largest globally)
- Indian Air Force: 1.4 lakh personnel with 1,645 aircraft
- Indian Navy: 67,000 personnel with 295 ships and submarines
- Paramilitary: 14+ lakh personnel across various forces
- Defense Budget 2025-26:
- Total Allocation: ₹6.21 lakh crores (13.04% of total budget)
- Capital Expenditure: ₹1.72 lakh crores for modernization
- Revenue Expenditure: ₹4.49 lakh crores for operations
- Defense R&D: ₹23,855 crores for indigenous development
- Strategic Commands:
- Strategic Forces Command: Nuclear weapons management
- Andaman & Nicobar Command: Tri-service integrated command
- Defense Space Agency: Space warfare capabilities
- Defense Cyber Agency: Cyber warfare and protection
- Defense Manufacturing:
- DPSUs: 9 Defense Public Sector Undertakings
- Ordnance Factories: 41 production units under OFB
- Private Sector: 8,000+ MSMEs in defense manufacturing
- FDI in Defense: 74% through automatic route, 100% for selected cases
💰 ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
India’s Manufacturing Sector Resurgence
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- Manufacturing PMI reaches 58.5 in August 2025, highest in 16 months indicating strong expansion
- Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes show impressive results across 14 sectors
- Foreign Direct Investment in manufacturing sector crosses $25 billion in current fiscal
- MSME sector reports 18% growth in new registrations with enhanced digital adoption
- Export-oriented manufacturing units increase production capacity by 22% year-on-year
- Green manufacturing practices adoption accelerated with government incentives
- Industrial parks and clusters report 95% occupancy with waiting lists for allocation
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- India’s Manufacturing Statistics:
- GDP Contribution: 15-16% of total GDP (target: 25% by 2025)
- Employment: 12.1% of total workforce (57+ million jobs)
- Global Ranking: 6th largest manufacturing country
- Industrial Growth: 6.2% average over past 3 years
- Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Schemes:
- Total Outlay: ₹1.97 lakh crores across 14 sectors
- Mobile Manufacturing: ₹41,000 crores incentive
- Semiconductor: ₹76,000 crores package
- Automobile & Auto Components: ₹57,042 crores
- Pharmaceuticals: ₹15,000 crores allocation
- Key Manufacturing Sectors:
- Textiles: 4% of GDP, 45 million employment
- Chemicals: 3.4% of GDP, largest in Asia
- Automobiles: 7.5% of GDP, 37 million employment
- Pharmaceuticals: 1.72% of GDP, 3rd largest globally
- Industrial Infrastructure:
- Industrial Parks: 350+ operational across India
- SEZs: 265 operational Special Economic Zones
- Clusters: 100+ industrial clusters under development
- Textile Parks: 59 parks with world-class facilities
- Make in India Achievements:
- FDI Growth: 30% increase in manufacturing FDI
- Ease of Business: Rank 63 globally (from 142 in 2014)
- Manufacturing Exports: $422 billion (2024-25)
- Patent Applications: 66,000+ annually from manufacturing sector
Digital Payment Revolution and Financial Inclusion
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- Digital payment transactions cross 16 billion monthly volume with 99.5% success rate
- Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pilot expands to 25 cities with merchant adoption
- Unified Payment Interface (UPI) international expansion reaches 10 countries
- Jan Dhan accounts cross 52 crore mark with average balance increase of 15%
- Fintech sector receives record $8.5 billion investment in current fiscal year
- Rural digital payment adoption shows 340% growth compared to previous year
- Cryptocurrency framework implementation begins with pilot regulatory sandbox
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- Digital Payment Statistics (August 2025):
- UPI Transactions: 16+ billion monthly volume
- Transaction Value: ₹22+ lakh crores monthly
- IMPS: 580+ million monthly transactions
- NEFT: 360+ million monthly transactions
- Financial Inclusion Metrics:
- Jan Dhan Accounts: 52+ crore accounts
- Account Penetration: 78% of adults have bank accounts
- Digital Literacy: 65% population digitally literate
- Aadhaar-Bank Seeding: 99.9% Jan Dhan accounts linked
- Payment System Infrastructure:
- ATMs: 2.15+ lakh ATMs across India
- Bank Branches: 1.64+ lakh branches
- Business Correspondents: 14+ lakh BC agents
- POS Terminals: 75+ lakh point-of-sale devices
- Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC):
- Pilot Phase: 25 cities, 1.3+ crore users
- Features: Offline capability, privacy protection
- Use Cases: Retail payments, wholesale settlements
- International Standard: Compliant with BIS guidelines
- Regulatory Framework:
- RBI Guidelines: Payment system oversight and regulation
- NPCI: National Payments Corporation managing UPI
- Payment Banks: 6 operational payment banks
- Fintech Regulation: Regulatory sandbox for innovations
🌍 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
India’s G7 Partnership and Global Engagement
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- India participates as special invitee in G7 summit with focus on global economic cooperation
- Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment receives $15 billion commitment from India
- Climate finance initiatives launched with developed nations for renewable energy transition
- Technology transfer agreements signed with G7 countries for semiconductor manufacturing
- Counter-terrorism cooperation framework strengthened with intelligence sharing mechanisms
- Trade facilitation measures adopted to boost bilateral commerce with G7 nations
- Cultural and educational exchange programs expanded with scholarship opportunities
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- G7 Countries and India Relations:
- USA: Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership (bilateral trade $190+ billion)
- Japan: Special Strategic Global Partnership (bilateral trade $18+ billion)
- Germany: Strategic Partnership (bilateral trade $27+ billion)
- UK: Enhanced Trade Partnership (bilateral trade $20+ billion)
- India’s Status in Global Forums:
- G20: Permanent member, held presidency in 2023
- BRICS: Founding member since 2009
- SCO: Full member since 2017
- Quad: Strategic partnership with USA, Japan, Australia
- Multilateral Cooperation Initiatives:
- International Solar Alliance: India-France initiative (121+ members)
- Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure: India-led initiative
- Indo-Pacific Economic Framework: 14-nation partnership
- Global Biofuel Alliance: India-led initiative (22 members)
- Trade and Economic Partnerships:
- FTAs: 13 operational Free Trade Agreements
- CEPAs: Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements
- Investment Treaties: 84 Bilateral Investment Treaties
- Tax Treaties: 96 Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements
- Development Cooperation:
- Lines of Credit: $33.5+ billion extended to 65+ countries
- Grant Assistance: $3.2+ billion for development projects
- Capacity Building: ITEC program covering 161 countries
- Disaster Relief: Humanitarian assistance to 90+ countries
India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership Enhancement
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- India-ASEAN trade reaches $131 billion in 2024-25, showing 15% year-on-year growth
- Look East to Act East policy implementation shows concrete results in connectivity projects
- Maritime security cooperation strengthened with joint naval exercises and patrols
- Digital partnership initiatives launched for technology transfer and capacity building
- Cultural ties enhanced through language learning programs and academic exchanges
- Investment flows from ASEAN countries to India increase by 35% in current fiscal
- Comprehensive Strategic Partnership framework signed for next decade cooperation
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- ASEAN Member Countries (10 Nations):
- Original 5 (1967): Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
- Later Additions: Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Laos & Myanmar (1997), Cambodia (1999)
- India-ASEAN Relations Timeline:
- 1992: Sectoral Dialogue Partner status
- 1996: Full Dialogue Partner
- 2002: Summit-level partnership began
- 2012: Strategic Partnership established
- 2022: Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
- Trade and Economic Relations:
- Bilateral Trade: $131+ billion (2024-25)
- India’s Exports: $44.2 billion to ASEAN
- India’s Imports: $87.4 billion from ASEAN
- FDI from ASEAN: $33.5+ billion cumulative
- Key Cooperation Areas:
- Connectivity: India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway
- Maritime: Security cooperation in South China Sea region
- Digital: ASEAN-India Digital Work Plan 2021-25
- Education: 1,000 PhD scholarships for ASEAN students
- Strategic Initiatives:
- Act East Policy: Enhanced engagement with Southeast Asia
- Indo-Pacific Vision: Free, open, and inclusive regional order
- Mekong-Ganga Cooperation: Cultural and civilizational ties
- ASEAN-India Centre: Think tank for policy research
🏥 HEALTH SECTOR
National Digital Health Ecosystem Expansion
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission crosses 60 crore health ID registrations milestone
- AI-powered diagnostic tools deployed in 1,000 primary health centers nationwide
- Telemedicine platform records 3.5 crore consultations monthly with 95% patient satisfaction
- Electronic health records interoperability achieved across 20,000 healthcare facilities
- Drone-based vaccine and medicine delivery covers 5,000 remote villages
- Digital therapeutics approval framework launched for evidence-based app-based treatments
- Health data analytics helps predict and prevent disease outbreaks in real-time
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- Ayushman Bharat Components:
- PM-JAY: Insurance scheme covering 12+ crore families
- Health & Wellness Centers: 1.5+ lakh centers operational
- Digital Mission: Universal Health ID and digital records
- Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: AIIMS and medical colleges
- National Health Programs:
- National Health Mission: Urban and rural health systems
- Reproductive Child Health: Maternal and child health
- National AIDS Control Program: HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment
- National Vector Borne Disease Control: Malaria, dengue, chikungunya
- Healthcare Infrastructure Statistics:
- Sub-Centers: 1.56 lakh (population: 3,000-5,000)
- Primary Health Centers: 25,650 (population: 20,000-30,000)
- Community Health Centers: 5,624 (population: 80,000-1.2 lakh)
- District Hospitals: 738 (one per district typically)
- Medical Education and Workforce:
- Medical Colleges: 658 (growth from 387 in 2014)
- MBBS Seats: 1.08+ lakh annually
- Dental Colleges: 315 with 27,918 seats
- Nursing Colleges: 5,000+ with 3+ lakh seats
- Traditional Medicine (AYUSH):
- AYUSH Hospitals: 3,000+ hospitals and dispensaries
- AYUSH Colleges: 800+ educational institutions
- AYUSH Practitioners: 8+ lakh registered practitioners
- Medicinal Plants: 47,000+ species documented
🌱 ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE
National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2025
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- India launches ambitious biodiversity conservation strategy with ₹50,000 crore funding
- Protected area network expanded to cover 5.08% of geographical area with new sanctuaries
- Human-wildlife conflict mitigation programs show 40% reduction in incidents
- Marine protected areas increased to safeguard coastal and marine ecosystems
- Community-based conservation initiatives engage 10 lakh local communities
- Endangered species recovery programs show positive population trends for tigers and elephants • International cooperation strengthened for transboundary conservation efforts
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- India’s Biodiversity Statistics:
- Species Richness: 45,000 plant species, 91,000 animal species
- Endemic Species: 33% flowering plants, 62% fish species endemic
- Global Rankings: 17 mega-diverse countries, India ranks 8th
- Hotspots: 4 biodiversity hotspots (Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, etc.)
- Protected Areas Network:
- National Parks: 106 covering 44,402 sq km
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: 565 covering 1,19,776 sq km
- Tiger Reserves: 54 reserves with 75,000+ sq km area
- Biosphere Reserves: 18 reserves covering 1.6% geographical area
- Major Wildlife Species (Recent Counts):
- Tigers: 3,167 (2022 census, 30% increase since 2018)
- Asiatic Lions: 674 (confined to Gir, Gujarat)
- Leopards: 12,852 (2018-19 survey)
- Elephants: 29,964 (2017 census)
- Conservation Legislation:
- Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Main wildlife conservation law
- Forest Conservation Act 1980: Forest clearance procedures
- Biodiversity Act 2002: Access and benefit sharing
- Environment Protection Act 1986: Pollution control
- International Commitments:
- CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity signatory
- CITES: Endangered species trade regulation
- Ramsar Convention: 75 wetlands designated
- World Heritage: 40 sites (32 cultural + 7 natural + 1 mixed)
📚 EDUCATION SECTOR
National Skills University Network Launch
📰 NEWS ANALYSIS
- First phase of National Skills University Network inaugurated with 50 institutions
- Industry-academia collaboration reaches new heights with 2,500 active partnerships
- Apprenticeship programs expanded to cover 15 lakh students across various trades
- Digital credentials and blockchain-based certificates ensure global recognition
- Entrepreneurship development programs incubate 10,000 startups annually from universities
- International faculty exchange programs bring 5,000 global experts to Indian institutions
- Research and innovation funding increased by 40% for emerging technology areas
📚 STATIC BACKGROUND – EXAM ESSENTIALS
- National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 Progress:
- School Structure: 5+3+3+4 system implementation in 15 states
- Higher Education: Multiple entry-exit options in 400+ institutions
- Vocational Education: Integration in 25% of schools by 2025
- Teacher Training: 50 lakh teachers trained in new pedagogy
- Skill Development Ecosystem:
- Skill Development Ministry: 40+ sector skill councils
- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: 4+ crore trained
- Recognition of Prior Learning: 90+ lakh assessed
- Skill Universities: 20+ dedicated skill universities
- Higher Education Statistics (2024-25):
- Universities: 1,113 (54 central + 476 state + 583 private)
- Colleges: 42,343
- Student Enrollment: 4.33+ crore students
- Gross Enrollment Ratio: 29.8% (target: 50% by 2035)
- Technical Education Growth:
- IITs: 23 institutes with global rankings improvement
- IIMs: 21 institutes for management education
- NITs: 31 National Institutes of Technology
- IIITs: 25 Indian Institutes of Information Technology
- Research and Innovation:
- National Research Foundation: ₹50,000 crore funding
- Patent Applications: 66,000+ annually from academic institutions
- Incubation Centers: 10,000+ active startup incubators
- International Publications: 1.8+ lakh research papers annually
🎯 EXAM PREPARATION ESSENTIALS
Today’s Key Static Facts for TNPSC
Important Constitutional Articles:
- Article 14: Right to Equality before law
- Article 19: Six fundamental rights including speech and expression
- Article 21: Right to Life and Personal Liberty
- Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies (Heart and Soul)
Tamil Nadu Specific Facts:
- Formation: November 1, 1956 (States Reorganization Act)
- Reorganization: Madras State renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969
- Languages: Tamil (official), English (associate official)
- High Court: Madras High Court (established 1862)
National Institutions:
- Election Commission: Article 324, T.N. Seshan (notable CEC)
- Comptroller and Auditor General: Article 148-151
- Union Public Service Commission: Article 315-323
- National Commission for SCs: Article 338
Economic Bodies:
- Planning Commission: Replaced by NITI Aayog (2015)
- Finance Commission: Article 280, 15th FC (2021-26)
- GST Council: Article 279A, constitutional body
- Monetary Policy Committee: RBI Act, 6-member committee
📊 CURRENT STATISTICS (August 27, 2025)
Economic Performance:
- GDP Growth: 7.6% (Q1 FY26, fastest in 4 quarters)
- Manufacturing PMI: 58.5 (expansion territory)
- Services PMI: 60.2 (strong growth momentum)
- Core Inflation: 3.1% (well within RBI target band)
Financial Indicators:
- Stock Market: BSE Sensex at 82,500+ (new high)
- FII Inflows: ₹45,000 crores (August 2025)
- Banking Credit Growth: 14.5% year-on-year
- Deposit Growth: 11.8% year-on-year
Trade Performance:
- Merchandise Exports: $46.8 billion (August 2025)
- Services Exports: $29.2 billion (August 2025)
- Trade Deficit: $18.7 billion (lowest in 6 months)
- Oil Imports: $16.2 billion (stable crude prices)
🏆 RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS (August 2025)
National Recognitions:
- UN Sustainable Development Goals: India ranks 112th globally (improvement from 117th)
- Global Innovation Index: India moves to 39th position (highest ever)
- Ease of Business: India maintains 63rd global rank with improved sub-indicators
- Digital Competitiveness: 45th rank globally with strong digital infrastructure
International Collaborations:
- Space Cooperation: India signs lunar exploration agreement with NASA
- Technology Transfer: Semiconductor partnership with Taiwan and South Korea
- Climate Finance: $2.5 billion commitment for renewable energy in developing nations
- Defense Partnership: Indigenous defense equipment exports cross ₹18,000 crores
📅 IMPORTANT UPCOMING DATES
September 2025 Scheduled Events:
- September 5: Teachers’ Day and Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s birth anniversary
- September 8: International Literacy Day
- September 14: Hindi Diwas (Official Language Day)
- September 16: World Ozone Day and International Day for Preservation of Ozone Layer
October 2025 Key Events:
- October 2: Gandhi Jayanti (International Day of Non-Violence)
- October 8: Indian Air Force Day
- October 15: World Student Day (APJ Abdul Kalam’s birthday)
- October 31: Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (Sardar Patel’s birthday)